Fertility may improve after adopting a gluten-free diet. A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertility. Other genetic syndromes associated with infertility include cystic fibrosis, Kallmann's syndrome and Kartagener's syndrome. Inherited disorders such as Klinefelter's syndrome - in which a male is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X and one Y - cause abnormal development of the male reproductive organs. They can be blocked due to various causes, including inadvertent injury from surgery, prior infections, trauma or abnormal development, such as with cystic fibrosis or similar inherited conditions.īlockage can occur at any level, including within the testicle, in the tubes that drain the testicle, in the epididymis, in the vas deferens, near the ejaculatory ducts or in the urethra. Alterations in these hormones, as well as from other systems such as the thyroid and adrenal gland, may impair sperm production.ĭefects of tubules that transport sperm. The hypothalamus, pituitary and testicles produce hormones that are necessary to create sperm. Decreased fertility is more likely in men with this condition. During fetal development one or both testicles sometimes fail to descend from the abdomen into the sac that normally contains the testicles (scrotum). Surgery, radiation or chemotherapy to treat tumors also can affect male fertility. Cancers and nonmalignant tumors can affect the male reproductive organs directly, through the glands that release hormones related to reproduction, such as the pituitary gland, or through unknown causes. Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and attempt to destroy them. In most cases of permanent ejaculation problems, sperm can still be retrieved directly from the testicles. Some ejaculatory problems can be reversed, while others are permanent. Various health conditions can cause retrograde ejaculation or lack of ejaculation, including diabetes, spinal injuries, and surgery of the bladder, prostate or urethra.Ĭertain medications also might result in ejaculatory problems, such as blood pressure medications known as alpha blockers. Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder during orgasm instead of emerging out of the tip of the penis. Although some infections can result in permanent testicular damage, most often sperm can still be retrieved.Įjaculation problems. These include inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) or testicles (orchitis) and some sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea or HIV. Some infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health or can cause scarring that blocks the passage of sperm. Varicoceles result in reduced quality of the sperm. Although the exact reason that varicoceles cause infertility is unknown, it might be related to abnormal testicular temperature regulation. It's the most common reversible cause of male infertility. A varicocele (VAR-ih-koe-seel) is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. Low sperm count can be caused by a number of health issues and medical treatments. However, often the cause of low sperm count isn't identified. Problems with any of these systems can affect sperm production.Īlso, there can be problems of abnormal sperm shape (morphology), movement (motility) or function. Once sperm are produced in the testicles, delicate tubes transport them until they mix with semen and are ejaculated out of the penis. The production of sperm is a complex process and requires normal functioning of the testicles (testes) as well as the hypothalamus and pituitary glands - organs in your brain that produce hormones that trigger sperm production. A groin, testicle, penis or scrotum surgery.A history of testicle, prostate or sexual problems.Pain, discomfort, a lump or swelling in the testicle area.Erection or ejaculation problems, low sex drive, or other problems with sexual function.See a doctor if you have been unable to conceive a child after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse or sooner if you have any of the following: Decreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosome or hormone abnormality. Pain, swelling or a lump in the testicle area.Problems with sexual function - for example, low sex drive or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction).In some men, an underlying problem such as an inherited chromosomal abnormality, a hormonal imbalance, dilated testicular veins or a condition that blocks the passage of sperm may cause signs and symptoms. There might be no other obvious signs or symptoms. The main sign of low sperm count is the inability to conceive a child.
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